This material has higher optical absorption than graphene with exceptional optical and electrical properties ( Ouyang et al., 2016). Besides graphene, MoS 2 is another 2D material that has recently been used for SPR applications. The main challenge for all electrical, mechanical, and optical sensors is to detect chemical and biological analytes with low molecular weight (2 × 10 5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at electron density 2 × 10 11 cm −2), large specific surface area (>2,500 m 2 g −1), large Young's modulus (>0.5–1 TPa), and high thermal conductivity (>3,000 W mK −1) ( Wang et al., 2019). This review concludes with some recent applications of graphene- and MoS 2-based SPR biosensor in diagnostic applications. The discussion continues by explaining the properties and characteristics of each material and its effect on the performance of the SPR biosensor, in particular its sensitivity. The discussion begins with a brief introduction to the general principles of the SPR biosensor. Two-dimensional material reviewed includes graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2). This review discusses the use of 2D material in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for diagnostic applications. Some of the advantages offered by these 2D materials include large specific surface area, high conductivity, and easy surface modification. Until now, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been widely studied and applied in the biosensor field.
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